Final answer:
India launched the first family planning programme among developing countries in 1952, with the aim of controlling population growth through education, healthcare, and economic improvements. This contrasts with China's one-child policy of 1979. The influence of social and economic factors on reducing fertility rates illustrates the relationship between development and population dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
India became the first developing country to launch a family planning programme in 1952. This initiative was part of a strategy to control population growth by providing education, and improving healthcare and economic conditions. The promotion of family planning is essential as it helps to manage the number of children families have, which can contribute to reducing poverty levels and easing the strain on resources. By acknowledging the importance of this topic, countries can aim for sustainable development that benefits both the population and the environment.
While India's efforts began in the early 1950s, it's interesting to note that other countries have also adopted various population control measures. China's one-child policy, adopted in 1979, is a prime example, although its effectiveness and ethical implications have been widely debated. In contrast to China's policy, evidence suggests that societal factors such as education, economic opportunities for women, gender equality, and access to contraception are influential in naturally reducing fertility rates without the need for strict government policies.
Over time, as nations industrialize and urbanize, a trend towards smaller family sizes emerges. This evolution is depicted as countries progress through the stages of the index of economic development, where economic and social advancements lead to improved standards of living and, often, a natural decline in birth rates. Such transitions reflect the complex interplay between development and demographic change.