The correct options will be
Layer C formed.
Layer B formed.
Layer A formed.
After layers A-B-C were present, intrusion D cut across all three.
Fault E formed, shifting rocks A through C and intrusion D.
Weathering and erosion created a layer of soil on top of layer A.
In this sequence, intrusion D is the youngest feature, as it cuts across all three sedimentary rock layers (A, B, and C) and is later affected by fault E. The concept that helps determine the relative ages of geological features in this scenario is the "principle of cross-cutting relationships."
This principle states that a rock or fault is younger than any rock across which it cuts. In this case, intrusion D and fault E are both younger than the sedimentary rock layers they cut through, allowing geologists to establish a chronological order of events.