Final answer:
The major products of benzene reacting with different reagents involve Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions, sulfonation, bromination, nitration, and formylation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major products formed when benzene reacts with various reagents can be anticipated based on knowledge of aromatic substitution reactions and the reactivity of the reagents involved. Predicting the outcomes of such reactions involves applying principles of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) and understanding the role of catalysts in these reactions.
- tert-Butyl bromide, AlCl₃: The reaction will likely lead to tert-butylbenzene through a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.
- 1-chlorobutane, AlCl₃: This will also undergo a Friedel-Crafts alkylation to yield n-butylbenzene.
- Isobutyl alcohol + BF₃: Alcohols are not typical substrates for Friedel-Crafts reactions, as they don't form carbocations readily without first being converted to a suitable leaving group.
- Bromine + a nail: The metal can catalyze the bromination of benzene to form bromobenzene, but typically a catalyst like FeBr₃ is used.
- Isobutylene + HF: Typically, isobutylene would react with strong acids to form carbocations, but the reaction with benzene is not straightforward without a proper catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
- Fuming sulfuric acid: This is likely to lead to sulfonation of benzene, yielding benzene sulfonic acid.
- 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane + AlCl₃: A Friedel-Crafts alkylation with this reagent can lead to the formation of 2,2-dimethylpropylbenzene (neopentylbenzene).
- Benzoyl chloride + AlCl₃: This will result in a Friedel-Crafts acylation, giving benzophenone.
- Iodine + HNO₃: Iodine does not typically react with benzene, as it is less reactive in halogenation. Nitration would require HNO₃ and a strong acid (usually H₂SO₄).
- Nitric acid + sulfuric acid: This combination is used for nitration, yielding nitrobenzene.
- Carbon monoxide, HCl, and AlCl₃/CuCl: This set of reagents are indicative of a Gattermann-Koch formylation reaction leading to benzaldehyde.
- CH₂(COCl)₂, AlCl₃: This will likely undergo a Friedel-Crafts acylation to give benzophenone.
Note that these predictions assume only one reaction occurs and the most common conditions and outcomes for each set of reagents.