Final answer:
Long coiled complex polypeptides are made of amino acids, which link to form polypeptide chains that determine a protein's primary structure. Proteins, along with carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, are the four main types of macromolecules in living organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long coiled complex polypeptides are made of amino acids. These amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide determines the protein's primary structure. There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins, and each one has a side chain with a unique set of properties that will affect the protein's overall structure and function.
Additionally, the primary structure of a protein refers specifically to this sequence of amino acids. The other macromolecules found in living organisms include carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, with each being composed of different monomers: monosaccharides for carbohydrates, glycerol and fatty acids for lipids, and nucleotides for nucleic acids.
Examples of proteins include enzymes, antibodies, and some hormones, whereas examples of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and nucleic acids encompass DNA and RNA.