Final answer:
Sterilization by an autoclave involves using high heat and pressure to eliminate all microorganisms on medical instruments, ensuring they are safe for use on patients or in sterile procedures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sterilization of all organisms on the surface of instruments and equipment before they can be used on patients or in a procedure is performed by an autoclave. Sterilization is the most extreme protocol for microbial control aiming to achieve the complete removal or killing of all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses from the targeted item or environment. This practice is imperative in laboratory, medical, manufacturing, and food industry settings to ensure safety and prevent infections.
The process can be achieved through physical means, such as high heat and pressure, or by chemical sterilants. Effective sterilization procedures are critical for aseptic technique in clinical settings, which involves maintaining sterility and preventing microbial contamination during medical procedures. Protocols for sterilization are established by various agencies, including the FDA and the AOAC, and need to be diligently followed by end-users such as hospitals to avert liability in case of patient illness due to improperly cleaned equipment.