Final answer:
The shortest event is one rotation of the Earth, which occurs every 24 hours, quicker than the other options including the Moon's rotation and revolutions of both the Earth and the Moon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The event that occurs in the least amount of time among the options provided is one rotation of the Earth. The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, which is the definition of a solar day.
Therefore, this is the shortest period when compared to: one rotation of the Moon, which takes approximately 27.3 days; one revolution of the Earth around the Sun, which takes approximately 365.25 days; and one revolution of the Moon around the Earth, which also takes about 27.3 days.