Final answer:
Direct assessment is a technique used in psychology to measure target behavior as it happens, particularly in operant conditioning strategies where behavior is followed by reinforcement or punishment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Direct assessment involves measuring target behavior as it occurs. This method is particularly important in contexts like operant conditioning, where the target behavior is closely monitored and is followed by either reinforcement or punishment. The purpose of this monitoring is to either strengthen or weaken the target behavior, making it more likely for the desired behavior to occur in the future. Direct assessment can involve close observations of the individual's behavior, accurate recording of the outcomes, and then deciding next steps to influence the behavior either through positive reinforcement or by applying a consequence to reduce the occurrence of an undesirable behavior.
In the scenario of operant conditioning, the reinforcement (either positive or negative) or punishment is applied instantly or very shortly after the behavior occurs, to ensure that the individual makes the connection between their behavior and the consequence. As a result, direct assessment is integral to this process, as it allows for immediate feedback and adjustment.