Final answer
The different groups of viruses are organized based upon are a. The type of nucleic acid and c. The presence or absence of a viral envelope
Step-by-step explanation:
The capsid shape refers to the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of the virus. There are different types of capsid shapes, such as icosahedral, helical, and complex. The presence or absence of an envelope refers to whether the virus has an outer lipid membrane surrounding the capsid. Viruses can either have an enveloped or a non-enveloped structure. Lastly, the type of nucleic acid refers to whether the virus contains DNA or RNA as its genetic material.
These characteristics are important for classifying viruses because they provide valuable information about the structure and behavior of the virus. For example, viruses with different capsid shapes may have different mechanisms of entry into host cells. Viruses with envelopes may be more susceptible to certain treatments, such as antiviral drugs that target the viral envelope. The type of nucleic acid also plays a role in determining how the virus replicates and spreads within the host.
Let's consider the influenza virus as an example. Influenza viruses have an enveloped structure with an icosahedral capsid shape. Their genetic material is made up of RNA. These characteristics help us understand why influenza viruses are able to infect cells of the respiratory system and why they can rapidly mutate and give rise to new strains.
In summary, virus classification is based on capsid shape, presence or absence of an envelope, and type of nucleic acid. These characteristics provide insights into the structure, behavior, and evolutionary potential of different viruses. The correct answer is a. The type of nucleic acid and c. The presence or absence of a viral envelope