Final answer:
The Spartan government featured a monarchy within its oligarchic system, involving two limited-power hereditary kings, a Council of Elders, and an Assembly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Spartan government was an oligarchy containing a monarchy, a council of elders, and an assembly. Sparta had two hereditary kings, symbolizing the monarchical element of their mixed government structure. The monarchs, however, had very limited powers and were part of a larger ruling system that included the Council of Elders (comprised of Spartan citizens over the age of 60 who advised on state matters) and the Assembly of Spartiates, which was responsible for passing laws and approving treaties.
Spartan society was distinctive in its strict military discipline and social organization, which centered around an elite class of warrior-citizens. Oligarchy, as a form of government, denotes power held by a small, elite group, which in Sparta's case, comprised the two kings, the Council of Elders, and judicial officials known as Ephors.