Final answer:
Amino acids are attached to transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation, where tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome according to the encoded mRNA template. rRNA also plays a critical role by becoming part of the ribosome and facilitating the correct interaction between mRNA and tRNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the process of translation, the amino acids are arranged to form specific proteins because they are attached to transfer RNA (tRNA). During this process, each amino acid is carried to the ribosome by attaching to a specific molecule of tRNA. A tRNA molecule has an anticodon on one end and the amino acid attachment site at the other, ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain based on the complementary codon sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA).
Furthermore, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a major constituent of ribosomes, providing a platform for the mRNA and tRNA to interact during protein synthesis. rRNA ensures the proper alignment of mRNA and the ribosome, while also catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between aligned amino acids. Thus, while mRNA serves as a template with codons specifying the order of amino acids, it is the tRNA that directly brings the amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into the protein.