Final answer:
The ways to acquire Norovirus and Hepatitis A are through consuming contaminated food or water, direct contact with an infected person, and poor hygiene practices. Both are transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can be prevented through good hygiene and vaccinations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ways to get Norovirus and Hepatitis A include consuming contaminated food or water, direct contact with an infected person, and poor hygiene practices. Both viruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route which implies that they can spread by consuming food or drinks that have been contaminated by an infected person. Particularly for Norovirus, the infectious dose is very small and it can easily spread through handling or preparing food with unwashed hands after bathroom use or being in contact with surfaces that have been contaminated by the virus.
For Hepatitis A, the transmission is also through the fecal-oral route, close contact with an infected person, or exposure to contaminated food or water. It can cause inflammation of the liver and while it is generally mild, a more severe form such as fulminant hepatitis can occur rarely. Vaccination is recommended for prevention, particularly in high-risk groups.
Poor hygiene significantly contributes to the spread of these viruses. It is essential to practice good hygiene, such as thorough hand washing, to prevent infection. Moreover, public health measures like vaccinations and food safety practices are crucial in preventing the transmission of foodborne and waterborne diseases.