The most suitable microphone for general ENG applications is a dynamic microphone, due to its durability and lack of need for a power source. Condenser microphones offer better sound quality but are less durable, while lavalier microphones are good for interviews and hands-free operation but may not be as robust.
For general ENG (electronic news gathering) applications, the most suitable type of microphone is commonly a dynamic microphone. Dynamic microphones are rugged, resistant to moisture, and less sensitive to wind noise and other environmental factors, which makes them ideal for use in the unpredictable conditions often encountered in news reporting. Additionally, they do not require a power source, which is beneficial for the on-the-go nature of news gathering.
While condenser microphones offer superior sound quality and sensitivity, which can be beneficial in controlled environments, they are generally more fragile and require a power source, making them less ideal for the rigors of field reporting. Lavalier microphones, which are small and can be clipped onto clothing, are also frequently used in ENG, especially for interviews, as they allow for hands-free operation and close proximity to the speaker's voice. They may not be as robust as dynamic microphones, but they are a popular choice for their discreet appearance and ease of use.
Ribbon microphones are typically the least suitable for ENG, as they are very delicate and sensitive to wind and plosives, making them prone to damage in field reporting scenarios. Thus, dynamic microphones or lavalier microphones are preferred choices for ENG applications, with the final decision often hinging on the specific needs of the news segment.