Final answer:
Affirmative action is controversial because it is seen as providing preferential treatment, which might lead to reverse discrimination. Its supporters advocate for it as a necessary measure to address historic discrimination and to foster diversity. The debate revolves around the balance between fair treatment and the need to correct systemic inequalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that it is viewed as giving preferential treatment to certain groups rather than simply ensuring equal treatment for all. Critics argue that such policies can lead to reverse discrimination, where individuals may be admitted to colleges or hired for jobs based on characteristics such as race or gender, instead of their qualifications. Proponents, however, contend that affirmative action is necessary to mitigate historic discrimination and to promote diversity and inclusion, which are seen as beneficial values in society and the workplace.
Furthermore, affirmative action is designed to counteract the systemic inequalities and historic discrimination that have limited the opportunities for certain groups. While it has been integral in increasing diversity in educational and professional environments, the debate continues on whether affirmative action inadvertently provides unfair advantages or is an essential tool for creating equal opportunities.