Final answer:
The Sun is located roughly halfway from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, at about 26,000 light-years away, in the Orion Spur which is one of the spiral arms. Hence, none of the options are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sun is located approximately 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. It does not reside in the galaxy's halo, in a globular cluster, or near the outer edge of the galactic disk. Instead, the Sun is situated roughly halfway from the galactic center, specifically in one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way, known as the Orion Spur.
This spur is a region that houses several conspicuous features such as the Cygnus Rift and the Orion Nebula. The Sun's path is nearly circular within the disk of the Galaxy, and it takes about 225 million years to complete one orbit around the Galaxy's center, a period known as the galactic year.