Final answer:
A high-pass filter allows high-frequency signals to pass and attenuates low-frequency signals, which matches option 1. High frequencies are impeded by an inductor’s increased reactance, while capacitors block low frequencies due to their charging time.
Step-by-step explanation:
High-Pass Filter Operation
A high-pass filter is a type of electronic circuit that allows high-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating or reducing the strength of low-frequency signals. This behavior is the opposite of a low-pass filter, which allows low-frequency signals to pass and attenuates high-frequency signals.
When looking into the context of an inductor in a circuit, we find that at higher frequencies, an inductor's reactance increases which results in lowering the current through it. This property allows the inductor to act as a high-pass filter by impeding high-frequency signals.
Conversely, a capacitor has a small reactance at high frequencies which means it allows a larger current to pass through. This characteristic makes the capacitor suitable for creating a high-pass filter as well, as it effectively blocks low frequencies that have more time to charge the capacitor and thus stop the current.
Therefore, the answer to the question is option 1: Passing high-frequency signals and attenuating low-frequency signals.