Final answer:
Significant calorie restriction to less than 1500 kcal/day can negatively affect the output of milk during lactation. Adequate calorie intake is crucial for maintaining milk production, and severe calorie restriction can lead to a decrease in milk supply and impact a baby's nutrition.
Step-by-step explanation:
When caloric intake is significantly restricted to less than about 1500 kcal per day, the milk output during lactation can be adversely affected. The production of breastmilk is an energy-demanding process, requiring about 720 extra kcal per day to meet the energy value of approximately 578 Kcal needed for the baby's daily milk consumption (850 ml at 68 kcal/100 ml). When a lactating mother is on a calorie-restricted diet, her body may utilize fat reserves to partially meet the energy demands for milk production. However, with calories restricted below the necessary level, there could be insufficient energy to maintain optimal milk production, and milk supply may decrease.
Dieting, especially at calorie levels below 1500 kcal/day, can significantly reduce Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by up to 20-30%, further complicating the issue. A person's body will attempt to conserve energy under calorie restriction, which can impact milk production, as the body prioritizes energy for critical functions over lactation. Additionally, given the efficiency of milk production at about 80%, even with the use of fat reserves, a significant calorie restriction could compromise both the quantity and quality of breastmilk produced, potentially affecting the baby's nutrition.
It is essential for lactating mothers to maintain an adequate food intake and to consult a healthcare provider before embarking on any weight loss plan to ensure a healthy diet that supports both her own well-being and the optimal growth and development of her baby.