Final answer:
The background component of SBAR in the given option is 'Mr. Hayden has had elevated temperatures for one day.' Vital signs like temperature and blood pressure are objective measures of health conditions, while how a patient feels, such as restlessness or pain, represents symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The background component of SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) provides context to the current situation. In the scenario where a caregiver is giving a verbal report to a nurse about Mr. Hayden, the statement 'Mr. Hayden has had elevated temperatures for one day' describes the background information. This gives the nurse a timeline and context of the patient's condition.
Signs and symptoms are two different ways to describe health conditions. Signs, like a fever or an elevated heart rate, are objective and measurable. Symptoms, on the other hand, such as nausea or headache, are subjective and reported by the patient. In the case studies presented, the temperatures (38.2 °C, 40 °C, 38 °C), red and warm catheter site, shivering, and low blood pressure (70/45 mm Hg) are signs, whereas complaints like restlessness, feeling ill, and thirst are symptoms.
For example, Barbara's case includes both signs (fever of 38.2 °C, red and warm catheter site), and symptoms (feeling restless, discomfort at the catheter site). Similarly, John's fever of 40 °C is a sign, while his headache and chest pain are symptoms.