Final answer:
Actinic rays are known as ultraviolet (UV) rays, which are part of the sun's emitted electromagnetic spectrum. These rays include the more common UV-A and UV-B rays, which can cause indirect and direct DNA damage, respectively. Protection from excessive UV exposure is crucial as it can lead to skin cancer and other health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Actinic rays are also known as ultraviolet (UV) rays. These types of electromagnetic radiation have shorter wavelengths than visible light and are more energetic. UV rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the sun, which includes various types of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, and visible light.
The UV light that reaches Earth's surface and can affect living organisms is comprised of UV-A and UV-B rays. UV-A rays are known for creating free radicals, leading to indirect DNA damage when they penetrate our skin. Meanwhile, UV-B rays are directly absorbed by DNA in skin cells, potentially causing cell death and mutations.
Both types of UV radiation play a role in the development of skin cancer, underlining the importance of protecting our skin from excessive sun exposure.
The Earth's atmosphere, particularly the ozone layer, absorbs much of the UV radiation, helping to protect life forms on our planet from these high-energy rays. Nonetheless, it is essential to understand the impact of UV radiation on our health and the environment.