Final answer:
The exposure factor that will result in the most penetrating X-rays is the one with the highest kilovoltage peak (kVp).
Step-by-step explanation:
The exposure factor that will result in the most penetrating X-rays is the one with the highest kilovoltage peak (kVp). In this case, option 3) 90kVp -10mA has the highest kVp value of 90 kilovolts (kVp).
X-rays with higher kVp values have more energy and are able to penetrate through dense materials more effectively. This makes them more suitable for imaging structures deep within the body, such as bones and organs.
Therefore, 90kVp -10mA will result in the most penetrating X-rays among the given exposure factors.