Final answer:
Neurocognitive disorders encompass neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting cognitive and nervous system functions, with well-known examples being Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism. They can cause issues ranging from memory loss and motor functions to communication and learning difficulties.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurocognitive disorders are a group of conditions that predominantly affect cognitive functions including memory, perception, problem-solving, and language. These disorders are divided into two primary groups: neurodegenerative disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neurodegenerative disorders represent a range of conditions characterized by the gradual loss of neural function leading to neuronal death. Notable diseases in this category include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These illnesses typically worsen over time and may manifest symptoms based on the affected area of the nervous system, such as balance and coordination issues in spinocerebellar ataxia due to cerebellar neuronal death.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
On the other hand, neurodevelopmental disorders are disruptions in the growth of the nervous system, leading to conditions such as Down Syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These disorders can result in intellectual deficits, learning and communication difficulties, or complex motor system effects.
Both types of disorders present significant challenges to individuals and involve ongoing research into their causes, prevention, and potential therapies. Current knowledge suggests that understanding the mechanisms of degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases might provide insights leading to common treatments for these diverse conditions.