Final answer:
Certain habits and foods are known to weaken or relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which can lead to acid reflux or GERD. Smoking, being overweight, and consuming foods like chocolate, fatty foods, peppermint, coffee, and alcoholic beverages can affect the LES functioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a critical part of the digestive system that acts as a valve to prevent stomach contents from refluxing into the esophagus. Certain foods, habits, and conditions can affect the functioning of the LES. For instance, smoking is known to weaken the LES, and thus quitting smoking can help control acid reflux or GERD. Being overweight is another factor associated with GERD, and weight loss can improve symptoms. Additionally, certain dietary choices can have an impact on the LES. Foods and beverages that may weaken or relax the LES include chocolate, fatty foods, peppermint, coffee, and alcoholic beverages. To reduce the risk of reflux, it is advised to avoid these foods, decrease portion sizes, and not eat immediately before bedtime.
During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the LES to relax, which increases the likelihood of experiencing acid reflux. The muscular diaphragm surrounding the LES normally helps to keep it closed when not swallowing; however, factors that interfere with this mechanism, such as obesity or certain foods, can lead to symptoms of heartburn or GERD. Understanding these factors is crucial for managing symptoms and maintaining a healthy digestive system.