Final answer:
Pediculosis is the skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice, characterized by itching and irritation on the scalp.
Step-by-step explanation:
A skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is called Pediculosis. Pediculosis refers specifically to the infestation of lice on the human body, with head lice being one of the common types that affect people, especially children in school environments. While other skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis involve inflammation and infection, pediculosis is characterized by itching and irritation due to the presence of lice, which are small, wingless insects feeding on human blood. In Figure 5.31, there are three types of lice associated with humans including the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, which is responsible for pediculosis of the scalp.