Final answer:
A transaction that retrieves data without updating the database is called a read-only transaction, while a transaction that updates the database is called a read-write transaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the database operations in a transaction do not update the database but only retrieve data, the transaction is called a read-only transaction; otherwise it is known as a read-write transaction.
In a read-only transaction, the database remains unchanged, and the operations typically involve querying the database to retrieve information. These transactions are often used for data analysis or reporting.
In contrast, a read-write transaction involves modifying the database by creating, updating, or deleting data. These transactions can be used to perform operations such as inserting new records, changing existing records, or deleting records.