Final answer:
No, not all sides of the moon are visible from Earth due to its synchronous rotation; only one hemisphere is always facing Earth, while the other side remains unseen. This synchronous rotation is responsible for us never seeing the 'far side' of the moon, which is mistakenly referred to as the 'dark side'. All parts of the moon have day and night cycles, and the visible changes we see from Earth are due to the moon's phases, not its rotation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elaborating on whether all "sides" of the moon are visible to us given its rotational and orbital periods, the correct statement is: No, only one side is visible due to its rotation. This phenomenon is known as synchronous rotation, which means that the moon's rotation period is the same as its orbital period around the Earth. As a result, the same hemisphere of the moon always faces Earth. This can be visualized with an arrow stuck into the moon: as the moon orbits Earth, the arrow would continue pointing towards Earth at all times if we assign synchronous rotation to the moon. Hence, there is no 'dark side' of the moon that is perpetually dark; all parts of the moon experience day and night cycles.
The phrase 'dark side of the Moon' is a misnomer because the far side, which we do not see from Earth, is illuminated by the sun just as frequently as the near side. The moon's phases that we observe from Earth are not due to its own rotation but rather the changing angles of sunlight reflecting off its surface as seen from our vantage point, which changes through its orbital cycle. Observing the moon and its surface details is most rewarding during its first or third quarter phases when shadows under the oblique sunlight provide the greatest sense of relief and topographic detail.