Final answer:
Ganglion cells are responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain by forming the optic nerve, which relays signals processed initially by rods and cones through bipolar cells. Rods are for low light and peripheral vision, and cones are for color vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cell type responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain is the ganglion cell. Axons from the retinal ganglion cells make up the optic nerve, which is essential for carrying the visual signals from the eye to the brain. The process starts when visual signals leave the cones and rods (photoreceptors), travel to bipolar cells, and then to ganglion cells. A certain degree of processing occurs within the retina before visual information is transmitted to the brain. Rods are responsible for peripheral vision and motion detection in low light but do not convey color information, while cones are less sensitive and are responsible for color vision6