Final answer:
The chromosomal designation for a human male is c) XY, with the Y chromosome triggering the development of male characteristics. Errors in meiosis can lead to chromosomal disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), characterized by a male phenotype with certain physical traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chromosomal designation for a human male is c) XY. In the context of human genetics, the sex chromosomes play a crucial role in determining the biological sex of an individual. Mammalian sex determination generally relies on the presence of either two X chromosomes (XX) in females or one X and one Y chromosome (XY) in males. The Y chromosome carries genes that are critical in triggering the development of male characteristics. When errors in meiosis occur, this can lead to variations in the chromosomal compositions, such as the XXY genotype, which corresponds to Klinefelter syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome is characterized by male individuals who often have physical traits such as small testes, enlarged breasts, and reduced body hair. Other chromosomal disorders, such as Turner syndrome (XO) and triplo-X (XXX), result from similar meiotic errors and can affect females, leading to various developmental and fertility issues.