Question

In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a:

A) basal cell
B) target cell
C) caretaker gene
D) proto-oncogene

Answer 1

In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is known as a proto-oncogene, which is a gene that regulates cell growth. If mutated, it becomes an oncogene, leading to uncontrolled cell division and potential cancer.

Step-by-step explanation:

In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a proto-oncogene. Proto-oncogenes are genes that function as positive cell-cycle regulators. They promote growth and reproduction of cells in a controlled manner. However, if a proto-oncogene undergoes mutation, it can become an oncogene. Oncogenes allow for uncontrolled progression of the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled cell reproduction, which can result in cancer. This transformation can occur, for example, through overexpression of an oncogene like myc, abnormally activating transcriptional activity and leading to diseases such as Burkett's Lymphoma.