Final answer:
The establishment of Jewish diasporic communities resulted from the dispersion of Jewish believers out of Israel/Palestine. Despite facing hostilities, Jewish culture flourished in various locations around the Mediterranean, leading to the formation of diasporic communities with a shared sense of identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The establishment of Jewish diasporic communities resulted from the dispersion of Jewish believers out of the traditional Jewish homeland of Israel/Palestine. This dispersion began in 538 BCE when many Jews chose to remain in Babylon and other cities in the Persian Empire. Despite facing hostilities and restrictive laws, Jewish culture flourished in various locations around the Mediterranean, leading to the formation of diasporic communities with a shared sense of identity and collective memory of their ancestral homeland.