Final answer:
Nonmanual markers on the face can show emotions such as happiness and anger, self-recognition in children, and cultural identity through practices like Maori moko.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nonmanual markers on the face convey a wealth of information and play a critical role in communication. Based on extensive research including that of Paul Ekman and others, there are three key things that can be shown by facial expressions, including nonmanual markers.
- Emotions: Universal emotions such as happiness, surprise, sadness, disgust, and anger are each linked with distinct facial expressions.
- Self-recognition: Nonmanual markers assist in the ability to recognize oneself, as evidenced in studies showing toddlers touching their noses when they notice a mark on their face in a mirror.
- Social and Cultural Identity: Facial expressions and modifications, such as the Maori moko, display cultural identity and social belonging.
This demonstrates that nonmanual markers can effectively communicate our internal states, self-awareness, and social identity to others.