Question

Why are only valence (and not core) electrons involved in bonding?

A) Valence electrons have higher energy
B) Core electrons are more stable
C) Valence electrons determine chemical properties
D) Core electrons participate in ionic bonding

Answer 1

Valence electrons are involved in bonding because they are the outermost electrons of an atom, determining the chemical properties and reactivity of the element. Core electrons, being more stable and less energetic, do not typically participate in bonding.

Step-by-step explanation:

Valence electrons are involved in bonding because they are the outermost electrons in an atom and are the most available for forming bonds. In contrast, the core electrons are closer to the nucleus and shielded by the valence electrons, making them less available to participate in bonding. Option C is the most appropriate answer because valence electrons determine the chemical properties of an element, including its reactivity and the type of bonds it can form.

Core electrons do not participate in bonding because they are generally more stable within their energy levels and do not have sufficient energy to engage in bonds. Valence electrons, on the other hand, can be in a higher energy state and are more likely to interact with other atoms to achieve a full outer shell, leading to more stability, as seen in noble gases.