Final answer:
Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei both contributed to the development of the heliocentric model of the solar system, with Copernicus proposing it and Galileo providing observational evidence to support it.
Step-by-step explanation:
Comparing Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei
The correct answer to compare and contrast Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei is C) Copernicus and Galileo both made significant contributions to the development of the heliocentric model. Nicolaus Copernicus introduced the heliocentric cosmology in his book 'De Revolutionibus' and suggested that Earth is a planet orbiting the Sun, challenging the previously accepted geocentric model. Galileo Galilei, known as the father of both modern experimental physics and telescopic astronomy, adopted the Copernican hypothesis of a heliocentric solar system in the 1590s and supported it through his astronomical observations and writings. Despite being accused of heresy, Galileo's work provided substantial evidence for the heliocentric model and played a crucial role in its acceptance.
It's worth noting that the statement given as option A is incorrect because Galileo did not support a geocentric model; instead, he was a proponent of the heliocentric model of the universe. Option B is incorrect as it claims both were proponents of the geocentric model which goes against historical facts. Lastly, option D is demonstrably false as both scholars had a profound impact on our understanding of the solar system.