Final answer:
Judaism influenced modern society by introducing the concept of spiritual equality, which laid the groundwork for democracy and human rights, and by affecting economic activities such as banking due to religious practices and prohibitions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Judaism has had a profound influence on modern society, primarily through its role in the foundation of monotheism and its ethical contributions. One key aspect is the notion of the essential spiritual equality of all human beings, a concept that began in Judaism and later permeated Western legal and social systems. Economic activities have also been influenced by Judaism's legal traditions and religious beliefs. Notably, during the Middle Ages, Jews were often involved in money-lending and banking, as Christian usury prohibitions limited competition in these fields. This involvement has had a lasting impact on the finance industry.
Examples of Judaism's influence:
The egalitarian ethical system of Judaism, which promotes the idea that all individuals are equal before God, paved the way for modern democracy and human rights.
Religious practices concerning diet and rest, such as the prohibition of certain foods and the observance of a day of rest (Sabbath), have influenced societal norms and laws related to labor and food production.