Final answer:
The nurse should monitor the client for signs of an allergic reaction when administering penicillin G via intermittent IV piggyback, as there is a risk of severe allergic reactions in some individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a client is receiving penicillin G via intermittent IV piggyback, the nurse should take several precautions. The correct action to take in this scenario is to monitor the client for signs of an allergic reaction. This is important because some individuals (approximately 5% of the population) are allergic to penicillin, and the reactions can be severe, potentially leading to anaphylaxis or a fatal coma. Increasing the infusion rate or administering the medication as a continuous infusion is not recommended unless specifically ordered by a healthcare provider. Also, penicillin G should not be mixed with other antibiotics unless compatibility and a co-prescription are confirmed, as some combinations can lead to adverse effects or decreased efficiency of the drugs. The key is to follow the prescribing physician's orders and the standards for safe medication administration.