Final answer:
The daily and monthly patterns in Earth's tides arise from the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The Moon's differential force on Earth's crust and ocean creates two tidal bulges, resulting in two high tides and two low tides each day. The monthly pattern of tides is due to the fixed orientation of the tidal bulges as the Moon orbits the Earth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ocean tides are primarily caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The Moon's differential force on Earth's crust and ocean creates two tidal bulges on opposite sides of the planet. As Earth rotates, it moves through these bulges, resulting in two high tides and two low tides each day. The Sun also exerts a tidal force, but it is less significant than the Moon's. The monthly pattern of tides arises due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. As the Moon moves in its orbit, the orientation of the tidal bulges remains fixed relative to the Moon, leading to a repeating monthly pattern of high and low tides. The actual tides are affected by additional factors such as the shape of coasts and ocean basins.