Final answer:
The cytoskeleton comprises microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, each playing distinct roles in cell structure and function. Microfilaments aid in cellular movement, intermediate filaments provide cell support, and microtubules help in organelle movement and cell division. Cilia and flagella serve for cell motility, with structural differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cytoskeleton is an intricate network of protein fibers that provides structural support for the cell, aiding in cell shape, cell division, and cellular movements. It consists of three main types of fibers: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Microfilaments, also known as actin filaments, are the thinnest components of the cytoskeleton. They maintain the cell's shape, assist with cellular movements, and are vital for muscle contraction and cell division. In addition, microfilaments support the structure of microvilli and enable the movement of cellular components.
Intermediate filaments are fibers with an intermediate diameter that provide mechanical support for the cell. They maintain cell shape, anchor organelles, and form keratin which strengthens hair and nails.
Microtubules are thick, hollow tubes that play key roles in cell division by pulling chromosomes apart. They also act as tracks for motor protein-driven movement of organelles and are integral to the structure of cilia and flagella, the cell's locomotive appendages.
Comparatively, cilia and flagella are involved in cell motility and are differentiated by their structure. Cilia are short and numerous, while flagella are longer and fewer in number. Both consist of a '9+2' arrangement of microtubules.
Different components distinguish prokaryotic cells, animal cells, and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and other organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and various organelles. Plant cells, in particular, have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a rigid cell wall made of cellulose.