Final answer:
The movement of the ribosome to the next codon following a peptide transfer reaction is known as translocation, which is an essential step in the translation process during protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement of the ribosome to the next codon that occurs after the peptide transfer reaction is called translocation. During this process, the ribosome moves along the mRNA towards the 3' end by a distance of one codon with the assistance of elongation factor-G (EF-G), also known as translocase. This movement is powered by GTP hydrolysis.
Translocation is a critical step in the elongation stage of translation, where a charged tRNA enters the A site, the dipeptide is transferred from the A site to the P site along with its tRNA, and the deacylated tRNA is released into the cytosol. The next mRNA codon is then positioned at the A site, ready for the binding of another charged tRNA.