Final answer:
ADH and aldosterone work to conserve water in the body, while natriuretic hormones promote the excretion of water and sodium, thus regulating the body's fluid balance and blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is b. ADH and aldosterone restrict water excretion while natriuretic hormones promote water excretion. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps the body retain water by making the kidneys reabsorb more water into the bloodstream. It does this by signaling for the insertion of aquaporin water channels into the membranes of cells in the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the blood. Aldosterone, another hormone, also promotes water retention indirectly by increasing the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+), which in turn promotes water retention due to osmotic forces. On the contrary, natriuretic hormones such as atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) work to increase sodium and water excretion, helping to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume. They counteract the effects of ADH and aldosterone by inhibiting their release and activity.