Final answer:
The question pertains to DNA synthesis during replication, discussing the role of primase and DNA polymerase, and mentions the function of telomerase in protecting chromosome ends. The Nobel Prize-winning research by Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak on telomerase is also referenced.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question seems to be discussing the complex biological process of DNA replication and specifically refers to the role of certain proteins and enzymes such as primase, DNA polymerase, and telomerase. The template for replicating a DNA strand is provided by the DNA itself, where the strand being copied runs in the 3' to 5' direction, meaning replication proceeds on the complementary strand in the 5' to 3' direction. The primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that is later extended by the DNA polymerase enzyme. Additionally, the telomerase enzyme maintains the ends of linear chromosomes, and this enzyme is especially active in germ and adult stem cells. The Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 2009 was awarded to Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak for their discovery of telomerase and its action.