Final answer:
Parental investment conflicts are most pronounced in birds, where fewer offspring are produced, and each receives significant parental care, potentially leading to conflict over the extent of that care.
Step-by-step explanation:
Parental Investment Conflicts in Vertebrates
Conflicts between parents and offspring over parental investment would be expected to be the most pronounced in birds. Unlike fish, amphibians, and reptiles which often exhibit reproductive strategies that include producing many offspring with little or no care (Type III), birds typically show reproductive strategies where fewer offspring are produced with significant parental care, which is known as Type I. This type of reproductive strategy increases the probability of each offspring surviving to adulthood but also raises the stakes for each individual offspring's survival. As a result, the potential for conflict over the amount and duration of parental care provided is more substantial in birds compared to other vertebrate groups where parental care is minimal or absent.