Final answer:
Research on conditions that are relatively new to human populations such as myopia, breast cancer, and obesity supports the conclusion that 3) these conditions are indeed "diseases of civilization" and are likely caused by the interaction between genes (genetic susceptibility) and novel environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rise in the prevalence of conditions like myopia, breast cancer, and obesity in recent human populations cannot be solely attributed to genetic drift (Option 1) or changes in lifestyle alone (Option 2). Instead, research suggests that these conditions are influenced by a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and novel environmental factors, characteristic of the "diseases of civilization" hypothesis.
This hypothesis posits that modern lifestyles and environments expose individuals to factors that can interact with their genetic makeup, contributing to the increased incidence of certain conditions.
Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies over time, and it is unlikely to explain the specific and consistent patterns observed in the prevalence of these conditions across diverse populations. Lifestyle changes alone cannot account for the entire increase, as genetic factors play a crucial role in susceptibility to these conditions.
In summary,3) the "diseases of civilization" hypothesis (Option 3) aligns with the idea that recent changes in human environments and genetic susceptibility contribute to the emergence and increased prevalence of conditions like myopia, breast cancer, and obesity. This perspective acknowledges the intricate interaction between genetics and the environment in shaping health outcomes in modern human populations.