Final answer:
The risk factors for preoperative ventricular arrhythmia include advanced age, electrolyte imbalances, lack of exercise, and the presence of cardiovascular disease. Of the options given, advanced age is a risk factor for this condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering preoperative ventricular arrhythmia, certain factors increase the risk of a patient experiencing this condition. Some of the recognized risk factors include:
- Advanced age
- Electrolyte imbalances, particularly altered sodium and potassium levels
- Lack of exercise
- Presence of cardiovascular disease
From the options provided in the question, advanced age (A) is known to be a risk factor. Normal electrolyte levels (B) would generally not be considered a risk factor since electrolyte imbalances are associated with increased risks. Regular physical activity (C) is typically protective against arrhythmias, and the absence of cardiovascular disease (D) is not a risk factor but rather the opposite.
Therefore, the correct answer identifying a risk factor for preoperative ventricular arrhythmia would be Advanced age.