Question

What does the binding of PAMP to LRR lead to?

A) Activation of NF-kappaB
B) Inhibition of apoptosis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Release of interferons

Answer 1

The binding of PAMPs to LRR on pattern recognition receptors leads to the activation of NF-kappaB, which then enters the nucleus to initiate the transcription of genes important for immune responses.

Step-by-step explanation:

The binding of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) to Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) regions on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on phagocytes triggers several immune responses to fight off pathogens. In the context of the question, the correct answer is A) Activation of NF-kappaB. This occurs because the binding induces a signaling cascade that results in the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor Iκb (IKB), which normally keeps NF-kappaB inactive in the cytoplasm. Once IKB is degraded, NF-kappaB is free to enter the nucleus and initiate the transcription of genes that are important for the immune response, including those involved in inflammation and the antiviral response.