Final answer:
The question discusses types of stridor, a high-pitched respiratory sound indicative of airflow disruption in the airway due to conditions like Laryngomalacia, Vascular ring, Tracheomalacia, and Bronchomalacia, characterized by various symptoms including stridor, cough, and shortness of breath.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the different types of stridor, which is a high-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow. Stridor often suggests a blockage or narrowing in the upper respiratory tract, and can be a symptom of various conditions that cause structural or functional airway changes.
- Inspiratory stridor that worsens when supine and improves when prone is often seen in Laryngomalacia, a condition where soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, obstructing the airway.
- Biphasic stridor that improves with neck extension might indicate a Vascular ring, a congenital malformation of the aortic arch system that compresses the trachea and esophagus.
- In the case of Tracheomalacia, biphasic stridor may also improve with neck extension, but this condition is marked by a softening of the tracheal support cartilage.
- Expiratory stridor that worsens when supine might suggest Bronchomalacia, which is a weakness and collapse of the bronchial walls.
Each of these can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness, wheezes or stridor, and pain with swallowing.