Final answer:
Yellow-white, fluffy, hemorrhagic lesions along the vasculature in an HIV+ patient indicate CMV retinitis, which is treated with the antiviral drug Ganciclovir. CMV retinitis is caused by the cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients.
Step-by-step explanation:
A fundoscopic exam on an HIV+ patient showing yellow-white, fluffy, hemorrhagic lesions along the vasculature is most characteristic of CMV retinitis. This condition is caused by the cytomegalovirus (CMV), also known as human herpesvirus 5. CMV infection is usually asymptomatic but can become severe in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis of CMV retinitis can be achieved through direct microscopic evaluation of tissue specimens stained with routine and immunohistochemical stains, revealing characteristic inclusions with an "owl's eye" appearance. For the treatment of CMV retinitis in HIV+ patients, the antiviral drug Ganciclovir is commonly used as a first-line treatment.
In contrast, Toxoplasmosis retinitis would be treated with a combination of Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, while a Retinal detachment requires surgical intervention. Pneumocystis jirovecii retinitis is typically treated with Bactrim, a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.