Final answer:
Peripheral proteins are most easily removed from a membrane by changing pH or ionic strength due to their less stable association with the membrane surface compared to integral proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of protein most easily removed from a membrane by changing pH or ionic strength is the peripheral protein. These proteins are more loosely associated with the surface of the lipid bilayer, attached to integral proteins or the polar head groups of phospholipids through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. Unlike integral proteins, which are embedded within the membrane and have domains that span the hydrophobic core, peripheral proteins do not have these deep hydrophobic interactions and can be dissociated with relative ease when conditions such as pH or ionic strength are altered.