Final answer:
RNA is an integral component of the ribosome and the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP). Ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus and include rRNA in both their small and large subunits. HIV carries reverse transcriptase, which is used to convert its RNA genome into DNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
The macromolecular assemblies that contain RNA as an integral component include the ribosome and the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP). The ribosome is a complex of RNA and proteins that is essential for translating the mRNA during protein synthesis. It consists of a small ribosomal subunit and a large ribosomal subunit, both of which contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. SRP is an RNA-protein complex that recognizes signal sequences of polypeptides destined for secretion and targets them to the endoplasmic reticulum.
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized primarily in the nucleolus of the cell before being assembled with proteins into the large and small subunits. During the process of translation, the incoming charged tRNA molecule binds to the A site of the ribosome. HIV brings in an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, which it uses to reverse transcribe its RNA genome into DNA within the host cell. This is not an RNA component but an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase important for the viral replication cycle.