Final answer:
The party initiating a claim in the litigation process must prove its case, and the judge is required to be objective. This is true for civil litigation and is aligned with the principles of the adversarial judicial system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question is A) True. In the litigation process, the party initiating a claim for breach of contract, known as the plaintiff, is indeed obligated to prove its case. This is in line with the principles of an adversarial judicial system, where the burden of proof falls on the plaintiff. Likewise, the judge has a duty to remain objective, ensuring that justice is determined based on the evidence and facts at hand.
In a civil case, the plaintiff must demonstrate their case beyond a preponderance of the evidence, which means that the evidence must favour their side more heavily. This contrasts with the criminal justice system where the burden is beyond a reasonable doubt. Regardless of the type of trial, whether it is before a jury or a bench trial, the obligation to prove the case rests with the plaintiff.
Judges are expected to interpret and apply the law without bias, subject to the restrictions of the Seventh Amendment, which, for example, limits their ability to re-evaluate questions of fact already decided by a jury. Objectivity is a cornerstone of the judicial role, critical to maintaining public confidence in the legal system.