Final answer:
Amphetamine and methamphetamine block dopamine reuptake and stimulate its release, producing increased neurotransmitter activity in brain regions linked to impulse control, beneficial in treating ADHD. While both can be used medically, methamphetamine has a higher potential for abuse and can cause severe side effects such as psychosis and brain damage with chronic use.
Step-by-step explanation:
Amphetamine (Adderall) and methamphetamine share a common mechanism of action, which includes the blockage of dopamine reuptake in the brain, as well as stimulating its release. This action results in increased neurotransmitter activity in areas of the brain associated with impulse control, such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia, which is particularly beneficial in treating disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite the potential for abuse, amphetamines are prescribed for ADHD and narcolepsy, and they function as central nervous system stimulants. On the other hand, methamphetamine is also used to treat ADHD and obesity but has a high potential for abuse and addiction, leading to serious health risks and neurotoxicity with chronic use.
Both substances promote euphoria and increased energy, and they are chemically similar, with methamphetamine having an additional methyl group compared to amphetamine. This resemblance in chemical structure contributes to their similar pharmacological effects. Nonetheless, at higher doses, particularly those typically seen with recreational use, methamphetamine can induce severe side effects such as psychosis and long-term brain damage, which are effects not usually associated with the therapeutic use of amphetamine.