Final answer:
Henry Mintzberg described the difference between 'emergent strategies' and 'deliberate strategies' to explain the changes a strategy might undergo from formulation to implementation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Henry Mintzberg's two terms to help clarify the shift that often occurs between the time a strategy is formulated and the time it is implemented are emergent strategies and deliberate strategies.
An emergent strategy develops over time in an organization in a bottom-up manner, typically through the process of trial and error, and is not always intentional or planned. It arises from the day-to-day decisions that become a pattern of action within the corporate culture or from external unanticipated events.
In contrast, a deliberate strategy refers to the plans that an organization sets out to execute. These strategies are articulated, planned, and decided upon by top management with clear intentions to achieve certain goals or objectives. However, due to various challenges such as changing market conditions, internal disagreements, or unanticipated opportunities, the actual strategy that gets implemented may differ from the initially deliberated one. As a result, there is often a mix of both emergent and deliberate elements in the executed strategy.