Final answer:
The statement that does NOT apply to persuasive speaking is 'd. Persuasive speaking takes longer than informative speaking.' Persuasive speaking involves engagement with the audience and aims to influence their beliefs or behaviors gradually and effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question about what does NOT apply to persuasive speaking is option 'd'. Persuasive speaking does not necessarily take longer than informative speaking. The effectiveness of persuasive speaking involves the interaction between speakers and listeners, and it is designed to be motivational and artistic. The process of persuasion is often incremental and gradual, building the case point by point to influence the audience's beliefs, values, or behaviors.
Regarding the central route to persuasion for it to be effective, the audience must be analytical and motivated. In the context of the Asch experiment, participants conformed due to normative influences. And when it comes to peripheral route persuasion, cues such as celebrity endorsement, positive emotions, and attractive models are used, but factual information is typically associated with the central route and is not a cue in the peripheral route.
The effectiveness of a persuasive message can rely on several factors, including the subtlety, sidedness, timing, and credibility of the speaker. Cultural understanding is also a crucial element when addressing an audience, as shared values and customs can enhance the receptiveness to the speaker's message.